The real risks of retirement investing

To anyone on the glide path to retirement, it is becoming clear that today’s retirees are facing a completely different set of challenges than prior generations. This is the first generation in which retirees are carrying mortgages and other debt into retirement. Health care costs are expected to eat an ever-increasing piece of the retirement budget.

An increasing number of people are entering retirement sandwiched between the needs of their financially-troubled adult children and their aging parents. In view of the increasing costs of retirement, the traditional notion that retirees will only need 70 percent of their working income could very well be a dangerously misguided assumption.

Add in longevity risk

Compounding these challenges is longevity risk, which wasn’t much of a concern for prior generations. While most people may understand they can expect to live longer, few realize that life expectancy is constantly expanding, meaning that the older you get, the greater you can expect to live.

Today, there is a one in four chance that one of the spouses of a 65-year-old couple will celebrate their 95th birthday, and it is more than likely to be the wife. The greater risk is that few 65-year-old people fully grasp the enormity of this risk.

The risk of longevity is further compounded by the risk of inflation. Even at an average inflation rate of 3 percent, the cost of living will double in 20 years which could put many retirees’ lifestyle in jeopardy. Any resurgence of inflation to the levels seen in past decades could have a devastating impact on the lifetime income value of your assets.

Add in the risk of investing too conservatively

For many people, the further they move down the retirement glide path, the greater the temptation to invest more conservatively, which is understandable. However, tilting your allocation toward conservative investments too quickly can expose your financial security to a much larger risk, which is the loss of your purchasing power at the time you really need it.

The chart below illustrates the erosion of purchasing power on earnings generated from an investment in 10-year Treasury Bonds. The decade of 2000–2009 had one of the lowest rates of inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, in the last 30 years, yet purchasing power on the earned income was reduced by 25 percent.

It is important to note that the CPI, which is the official government measure of inflation, doesn’t include food and gas prices which have increased at rate three times the CPI over the last couple of years. If food and gas prices were included in the CPI, the rate of inflation would be closer to 10 percent, and, at that rate, the net purchasing power of earnings in 10 years would be less than the initial investment, meaning you would have lost money.

(Source: National Association of Realtors, Economistsoutlookblog.realtor.org)

Investing your money in safe or guaranteed instruments may provide peace of mind that you won’t lose any money due to market fluctuations; however, each day that your returns fail to exceed the rate of inflation, you are, in effect, losing money, and that loss becomes more pronounced over time.

Conservative investing is about managing all risks

There are ways to invest conservatively that can reduce portfolio volatility while addressing the risk of inflation. The key is in knowing what your financial objective is in real terms by factoring in the true cost of living and taxation. Once you know the real rate of return that you should achieve to provide lifetime income sufficiency, you can construct a diversified portfolio of equities and fixed-income securities to match your particular risk profile.

With an investment strategy tailored to your specific needs and objectives, you need not take any more risk than is absolutely necessary to achieve your objective. A well-conceived investment strategy focuses on managing the risk and volatility of your portfolio; your job is to stay focused on your objective.

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DISCLAIMER: This article expresses my own ideas and opinions. Any information I have shared are from sources that I believe to be reliable and accurate. I did not receive any financial compensation in writing this post, nor do I own any shares in any company I’ve mentioned. I encourage any reader to do their own diligent research first before making any investment decisions.